Reaction Types Combination (Synthesis) Reactions Two or more

Reaction Types Combination (Synthesis) Reactions Two or more substances combine to form a new compound. A + X AX Reaction of elements with oxygen and sulfur Reactions of metals with Halogens Synthesis Reactions with Oxides There are others not covered

Decomposition Reactions A single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances AX A + X Decomposition of: Binary compounds H2O(l ) 2H2(g) + O2(g) Metal carbonates CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) Metal hydroxides Ca(OH)2(s) CaO(s) + H2O(g) Metal chlorates 2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) Oxyacids

H2CO3(aq) CO2(g) + Single Replacement Reactions A + BX AX + B BX + Y BY + X Replacement of: Metals by another metal Hydrogen in water by a metal Hydrogen in an acid by a metal Halogens by more active halogens

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead Hydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum

Gold The Activity Series of the Metals Metals can replace other metals provided that they are above the metal that they are trying to replace Metals above hydrogen can replace hydrogen in acids. Metals from sodium upward can replace The Activity Series of the

Halogens Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Halogens can replace other halogens in compounds, provided that they are above the halogen that they are trying to replace. 2NaCl(s) + F2(g) 2NaF(s) ??? + Cl2(g) No Reaction

MgCl2(s) + Br2(g) ??? Double Replacement Reactions The ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. AX + BY AY + BX One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate, an insoluble gas that bubbles out of solution, or a molecular compound, usually water. Combustion Reactions A substance combines with

oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat. elements combine with oxygen Reactive P4(s) + 5O2(g) P4O10(s) (This is also a synthesis reaction) The burning of natural gas, wood, gasoline C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)