Past Tense Preterit -ar endings: -, -aste, -, -amos, -asteis, aron -er/ir endings: -, -iste, -i, -imos, -isteis, -ieron -ar and -er verbs that were stem-changing verbs in the present do not change in the past! -ir verbs that were stem-changing verbs in the present change (e-i) or (o-u) in the past. Stem changing verbs in the Past Remember how stem-changing verbs in the present tense were called boot verbs? They only changed in the forms inside the boot. Also, remember how some verbs like tener didnt change in the yo form and so looked like a shoe
rather than a boot? In the past tense, -ir verbs that change only change in the third person (l/ella/Ud. and Ellos(as)/Uds.). These verbs are called sandal verbs. Pedir (e-i) to ask for/order Yoped I asked for Tpediste You (fam.) asked for l/Ella/Ud. pidi He/She You (for.) asked for
Nosotros(as) pedimos We asked for Vosotros(as)pedisteis You all (fam.) asked for Ellos(as)/Uds. pidieron They/You all (for.) asked for Notice that the (e-i) only happens in the bottom boxes. Also notice that it looks like a sandal. Other verbs that change (e-i): Servir to serve, Repetir to repeat, Medir to measure, Preferir to prefer, Sentir(se) to feel, Vestir(se) to dress, Divertirse to have fun
Dormir (o-u) to sleep Yodorm I slept Tdormiste You (fam.) slept l/Ella/Ud. durmi He/She You (for.) slept Nosotros(as) dormimos We slept Vosotros(as)dormisteis You all (fam.) slept Ellos(as)/Uds. durmieron
They/You all (for.) slept Notice that the (o-u) only happens in the bottom boxes. Also notice that it looks like a sandal. Other verbs that change (o-u): Dormirse to fall asleep, Morir to die (i-y) spelling changes There are two kinds of verbs that change (i-y). These verbs are verbs that end in uir, and other verbs that end with a double vowel that is not (ui). Except traer and verbs that end in traer. Verbs that end in uir only have accents on the
yo and l/ella/Ud. Forms. Other double vowel verbs have accents on all form except ellos/ellas/Uds. Leer (i-y) to read Yole I read Tleste You (fam.) read l/Ella/Ud. ley He/She You (for.) read Nosotros(as) lemos
We read Vosotros(as)lesteis You all (fam.) read Ellos(as)/Uds. leyeron They/You all (for.) read Notice that the (i-y) only happens in the bottom boxes. Also notice that it looks like a sandal. Other verbs that change (i-y): Caer to fall, Creer to think/believe, Or to hear, Poseer to possess/own Destruir (i-y) to destroy Yodestru
I destroyed Tdestruiste You (fam.) destroyed l/Ella/Ud. destruy He/She You (for.) destroyed Nosotros(as) destruimos We destroyed Vosotros(as)destruisteis You all (fam.) destroyed Ellos(as)/Uds. destruyeron They/You all (for.) destroyed
Notice that the (i-y) only happens in the bottom boxes. Also notice that it looks like a sandal. Other verbs that change (i-y) and end in -uir: Construir to build/construct, Distribuir to distribute, Huir to flee, Incluir to include Irregulares Besides stem changing and spell changing verbs, the endings for irregulars are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, (-isteis), -ieron No accents on irregulars! The hardest thing about irregulars is knowing what kind they are and how to learn them. I
have grouped them together to try and make it easier to memorize them. J Stems Note: The third person plural is eron Note: Decir is (e-i) for all forms Verbs: traer (bring), verbs that end in cir (Ex. conducir (drive), decir (say/tell), producir (produce), traducir (translate) Traer -> traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajeron Producir -> produje, produjiste, produjo, produjimos, produjeron Decir -> dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijeron
V Stems Note: There are many verbs that end in tener that are also V stems - sostener (sustain), mantener (maintain) Verbs: andar (ride/walk), estar (be), tener (have) Andar -> anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvieron Estar -> estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvieron Tener -> tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvieron P Stems Verbs: caber (fit), saber (found out) Caber -> cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos,
cupieron Saber -> supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supieron S Stems Note: querer (e-i) can mean to refuse Verbs: poner (put/place), querer (wanted) Poner -> puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusieron Querer -> quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisieron Short Stems Note: yo form ends in i, l/ella/Ud. form ends
in -io Verbs: dar (give), ver (see) Dar -> di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron Ver -> vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron Same Stems Note: The forms are identical for both verbs Note: yo, l/ella/Ud. and ellos(as)/Uds. have different endings Verbs: ir (go), ser (be) Ir -> fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Ser -> fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Loner Stems
Note: These verbs dont have partners Note: hacer spell change (c-z) in l/ella/Ud. Note: venir (e-i) in all forms Note: haber only has one form (there was/were)
Verbs: hacer (make/do), poder (can/able to), venir (come) Hacer -> hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron Poder -> pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudieron Venir -> vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinieron Haber -> hubo
